1、凈化材料的管理（添加催化劑、純堿）
1. Management of purification materials (adding catalysts, soda ash)
催化劑的添加需要按照添加的規(guī)程進(jìn)行，要活化3-4小時(shí)，并且要做到緩慢均勻滴加的脫硫系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，其原因就是為了保持脫硫液的氧化能力均勻，防止出現(xiàn)過氧化或氧化能力不足的狀況。同理純堿的加入也需要均勻補(bǔ)加，防止引起脫硫液PH和堿度的波動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致副鹽增長(zhǎng)速率加快。在凈化材料的添加上也出現(xiàn)過沒有按照規(guī)定的數(shù)量進(jìn)行添加的情況，這給工藝管理人員造成誤導(dǎo)。
The addition of catalysts needs to be carried out according to the addition procedures, activated for 3-4 hours, and slowly and uniformly added in the desulfurization system. The reason is to maintain the uniform oxidation ability of the desulfurization liquid and prevent peroxidation or insufficient oxidation ability. Similarly, the addition of pure alkali also needs to be evenly added to prevent fluctuations in the pH and alkalinity of the desulfurization solution, leading to an accelerated growth rate of secondary salts. There have also been cases of not adding the required amount of purification materials, which has misled process management personnel.
其實(shí)這些操作要求許多管理人員和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的操作人員都明白，但在執(zhí)行上卻沒有嚴(yán)格地按照規(guī)程的要求去做，或根本沒有按規(guī)程的要求去做，這就出現(xiàn)了截然不同的運(yùn)行效果。這就是管理出了問題。
In fact, many managers and on-site operators are required to understand these operations, but they have not strictly followed the requirements of the regulations in execution, or have not followed the requirements of the regulations at all, resulting in completely different operational effects. This is when there is a problem with management.
許多企業(yè)忽視了這方面的管理，認(rèn)為只要添加的總數(shù)量不變，副鹽的增長(zhǎng)速率與添加方式?jīng)]有太大關(guān)系，甚至有的企業(yè)通過突擊加催化劑的方法進(jìn)行浮選硫泡沫，這對(duì)脫硫液的氧化能力影響很大，副鹽的增長(zhǎng)速率很高。
Many enterprises ignore the management in this regard and think that as long as the total amount of added salt remains unchanged, the growth rate of by-product salt has little to do with the way of addition. Some enterprises even flotation sulfur foam through the method of sudden addition of catalyst, which has a great impact on the oxidation capacity of desulfurization solution, and the growth rate of by-product salt is very high.
2、脫硫液成份的管理
2. Management of desulfurization liquid components
脫硫液成份不僅僅關(guān)系到脫硫效率和消耗的高低，同時(shí)也能反映出脫硫裝置在生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行中存在的問題，因此可以說，脫硫的工藝管理主要是脫硫液成份的管理。
The composition of the desulfurization liquid not only affects the efficiency and consumption of desulfurization, but also reflects the problems that exist in the production and operation of the desulfurization device. Therefore, it can be said that the process management of desulfurization mainly involves the management of the composition of the desulfurization liquid.
在脫硫液成份中對(duì)總堿度的認(rèn)識(shí)有的企業(yè)還存在誤區(qū)，認(rèn)為只要總堿度達(dá)到指標(biāo)就可以，卻忽視了總堿度中碳酸鈉的含量，實(shí)際總堿度是由碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉共同的決定的，脫硫液成份中應(yīng)盡量提高Na2CO3含量，降低NaHCO3/ Na2CO3比值。在許多的焦化企業(yè)脫硫液中不分析硫酸銨的含量，這也給生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)、事故判斷帶來一定影響。還有的企業(yè)對(duì)溶液的PH分析不重視，隨便用PH試紙一測(cè)，誤差很大，根本沒有參考價(jià)值。
Some enterprises still have misconceptions about the understanding of total alkalinity in the composition of desulfurization solution, thinking that as long as the total alkalinity reaches the target, it is enough, but they ignore the content of sodium carbonate in the total alkalinity. The actual total alkalinity is determined by the combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, the Na2CO3 content should be increased as much as possible in the composition of desulfurization solution, and the NaHCO3/Na2CO3 ratio should be reduced. In many coking enterprises, the content of ammonium sulfate is not analyzed in the desulfurization solution, which also has a certain impact on production guidance and accident judgment. Some companies do not attach great importance to the pH analysis of solutions and use pH test strips to measure them casually, resulting in significant errors and no reference value at all.
作為脫硫的技術(shù)管理人員應(yīng)建好脫硫液成份臺(tái)帳，從細(xì)節(jié)入手，健全分析項(xiàng)目，時(shí)刻關(guān)注溶液成份的變化趨勢(shì)，明確變化的原因，才能正確判斷脫硫系統(tǒng)是否存在問題，才能及時(shí)找出解決問題的辦法，避免脫硫工藝惡化，防止脫硫工藝事故的發(fā)生。
As a technical manager of desulfurization, it is necessary to establish a ledger of the composition of the desulfurization liquid, start from details, analyze the project comprehensively, constantly pay attention to the trend of changes in the solution composition, clarify the reasons for changes, in order to correctly judge whether there are problems in the desulfurization system, find solutions in a timely manner, avoid the deterioration of the desulfurization process, and prevent the occurrence of desulfurization process accidents.
3、硫回收的管理
3. Management of sulfur recovery
硫回收率是判斷脫硫系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行是否正常的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。對(duì)硫磺回收的管理各企業(yè)做的也大不一樣，有的企業(yè)管理較好，有的企業(yè)管理較差。
The sulfur recovery rate is an important indicator to determine whether the desulfurization system is operating normally. The management of sulfur recovery varies greatly among enterprises, with some having better management and others having poorer management.
在硫回收的管理上主要是硫泡沫的浮選、熔硫釜的操作及廢液的回收利用等問題。
The management of sulfur recovery mainly includes the flotation of sulfur foam, the operation of sulfur melting kettle and the recovery and utilization of waste liquid.
有的企業(yè)對(duì)硫泡沫的浮選不重視，尤其是夜班監(jiān)控不到位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)夜班硫磺回收率低的現(xiàn)象，有的企業(yè)甚至出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間硫磺回收率低的問題，管理人員也不管不問，也不組織職工查找原因，能出多少算多少，也不管硫磺回收率多少，這樣脫硫系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問題也不能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，到出現(xiàn)堵塔才查原因就有點(diǎn)晚了。
Some enterprises do not pay attention to the flotation of sulfur foam, especially the night shift monitoring is not in place, and the phenomenon of low sulfur recovery rate often occurs in the night shift. Some enterprises even have the problem of low sulfur recovery rate for a long time, and the management personnel do not ask or organize the staff to find out the reason, and the amount can be counted regardless of the sulfur recovery rate, so that problems in the desulfurization system can not be found in time, It's a bit late to investigate the cause until there is a tower blockage.
有的企業(yè)對(duì)熔硫釜的操作不重視，溫度、壓力控制不到位，清液中夾帶的硫顆粒較多。有的企業(yè)在廢液回收方面不進(jìn)行降溫、沉降處理就返回脫硫系統(tǒng)。
Some enterprises do not attach importance to the operation of sulfur melting kettles, and do not control the temperature and pressure properly, resulting in a large amount of sulfur particles carried in the clear liquid. Some companies return to the desulfurization system without cooling or settling treatment in waste liquid recovery.
當(dāng)然大部分企業(yè)都非常重視硫回收工作，在管理方面做得了細(xì)化考核，能對(duì)各班組的硫磺產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行計(jì)量，并根據(jù)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行考核，出現(xiàn)異常情況能及時(shí)查找原因。
Of course, most enterprises attach great importance to sulfur recovery work and have conducted detailed assessments in management. They can measure the sulfur production of each team and assess it based on various indicators. In case of abnormal situations, they can promptly identify the reasons.
4、生產(chǎn)過程的控制（硫泡沫的浮選、循環(huán)量、溫度、壓力、設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀況等）
4. Control of production process (flotation of sulfur foam, circulating volume, temperature, pressure, equipment operation, etc.)
在工藝管理中對(duì)熔硫后殘液處理與回收工作也非常重要，對(duì)殘液的處理一定要做到降溫、靜止沉降，分離副鹽后取上層清液返回系統(tǒng)。沉降池要及時(shí)清理，保證殘液有足夠的降溫、沉降空間。確保返回系統(tǒng)的清液質(zhì)量合格，這一點(diǎn)也要引起脫硫工藝管理人員的重視。
The treatment and recovery of residual liquid after sulfur melting is also very important in process management. The treatment of residual liquid must achieve cooling, static settling, separation of secondary salts, and taking the upper clear liquid back to the system. The settling tank should be cleaned in a timely manner to ensure that there is sufficient cooling and settling space for the residual liquid. Ensure that the quality of the clear liquid returned to the system is qualified, which should also be taken seriously by desulfurization process management personnel.
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2023-12-11
